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\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0441\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"article_decoration_first article_decoration_last\" data-type=\"101\" data-mode=\"\" data-done=\"1\">\n<div class=\"article_figure_content\">\n<div class=\"article_figure_sizer_content\">\n<div class=\"article_object_sizer_wrap\" 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decoding=\"async\" class=\"article_object_sizer_inner\" src=\"https:\/\/sun9-58.userapi.com\/s\/v1\/if2\/kelKj37A8efDAz0272U0KGQY_YpyvaM8GkIgjIP1I03czthDTBkyfO71dJEIGralaiEsRdOZ3t2lAqUu0dhyG9dm.jpg?size=807x605&#038;quality=96&#038;type=album\" alt=\"\u041f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0445\" data-baseurl=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"article_figure_sizer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption data-captions=\"[\"\u041f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0445\"]\"><\/figcaption>\u041d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u2013 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0444\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e.<\/figure>\n<p>\u041d\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434, \u0433\u0438\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0446\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<p class=\" article_decoration_last article_decoration_before\">\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0438\u043c\u0430 1941 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e \u041b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0436\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0430\u0451\u043a, \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0432 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435, \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e 125 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0445\u043b\u0435\u0431\u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c. \u0411\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043d\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043b\u0435\u0431\u0430.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"article_decoration_first article_decoration_last\" data-type=\"101\" data-mode=\"\" data-done=\"1\">\n<div class=\"article_figure_content\">\n<div class=\"article_figure_sizer_content\">\n<div 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\u044d\u0432\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p>\u041d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u041b\u0435\u0431\u044f\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u2013 \u041e\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0431\u0430\u0443\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0446\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043c \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432-\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0442\u2026 \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0434\u044b. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0438 \u0424\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0432.<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434, \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0445\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0434\u044b.<\/p>\n<p class=\" article_decoration_last article_decoration_before\">\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0434\u044b, \u043d\u0430 \u041e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0431\u0430\u0443\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0435, \u0432 \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445. \u0412\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b. \u0412\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0435\u0451 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u041c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0414\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"article_decoration_first article_decoration_last\" data-type=\"101\" data-mode=\"\" data-carousel-inited=\"1\" data-carousel-id=\"3\" data-done=\"1\">\n<div class=\"article_figure_content\">\n<div class=\"article_figure_sizer_content\">\n<div class=\"article_photo_carousel\" data-sizes=\"[{\"s\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-77.userapi.com\\\/s\\\/v1\\\/if2\\\/FE3uAMxQpbElk7rleC_ZgoJo4lOPEuWyXgnOR-k_37gBI6seyD7YuQw6QqkO8UL3rQM1t-nLj-iQmI4qR2U3WzQJ.jpg?size=75x52&#038;quality=96&#038;type=album\",75,52],\"m\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-77.userapi.com\\\/s\\\/v1\\\/if2\\\/4cpt1yioYnRgvcIfqcszFWqrFYCUf6DbygBb4PNPfglGM8yv8LbJHCwSfdcqEJTq1Zdf72qiWdmASG3viChPifZS.jpg?size=130x90&#038;quality=96&#038;type=album\",130,90],\"x\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-77.userapi.com\\\/s\\\/v1\\\/if2\\\/6ZEfBq3tS_RRdwx0I3AdsWLXBJe3Q0aSZPO3zsFvPCha993Jk0dPGQMnYG37fHo_hvej90Xla1HtV-aAj1r8J1VK.jpg?size=604x416&#038;quality=96&#038;type=album\",604,416],\"y\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-77.userapi.com\\\/s\\\/v1\\\/if2\\\/TvwpnsBABH63t3YR4vBT2_ZOuMF7PoRSoo2B1oCyQL2dzFj5M1e0n_lUQr4z9svE8vWvYVgWABuZVa5_BCT5dRj1.jpg?size=807x556&#038;quality=96&#038;type=album\",807,556],\"z\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-77.userapi.com\\\/s\\\/v1\\\/if2\\\/pIRA57pPNULlAmNN21WXUqQoqhyny90aGlL1qNoYSkNC79wv-QQ83ffefsHQLe6GG6uw5yTFWRIHfFd92ycvM9nF.jpg?size=1020x703&#038;quality=96&#038;type=album\",1020,703]},{\"s\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-74.userapi.com\\\/s\\\/v1\\\/if2\\\/8pfIrR7PMfygKhXb4kXmr_9VMLuuGnvXXeObthK2bll-Ee8G_i8H8ac2toiOM-8_8WpkhaUI64RGHBMgpazg8O2N.jpg?size=75x56&#038;quality=96&#038;type=album\",75,56],\"m\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-74.userapi.com\\\/s\\\/v1\\\/if2\\\/3zDARrfM6h8wWWSQYQLur09We1PBRLBJph9JTFlikk2b5jeHI-agnfXrox-tAEkaiTR37nsG1UeyqCe1pfeQss5J.jpg?size=130x97&#038;quality=96&#038;type=album\",130,97],\"x\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-74.userapi.com\\\/s\\\/v1\\\/if2\\\/BpvZ6_xs6lR0gM9LNGnPVgtDmWlfDxWW_yYo1-8M7eFQp6s9sCJGbkNlnuWBialeuE8idLoORl2FKVOGF2jQywIy.jpg?size=604x453&#038;quality=96&#038;type=album\",604,453],\"y\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-74.userapi.com\\\/s\\\/v1\\\/if2\\\/fpS85MoTRmuIQZZlw6S8ooCgoYQlcrEi8ygRBHzODEfEJTpQzD5NoGi7jFQRUpqLSbdp_-Q1y3VBbWCNekJiYGYe.jpg?size=807x605&#038;quality=96&#038;type=album\",807,605],\"z\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-74.userapi.com\\\/s\\\/v1\\\/if2\\\/nzRiwr--F3tTGreuhX2vkpfbtnQCccdhpwKHA-JXmMLAkRslsDmovuhGdwRC5Yj7e6CvCWM6nyT7bceZCuAvpC2q.jpg?size=1280x960&#038;quality=96&#038;type=album\",1280,960]}]\" data-should-disable-carousel-animation=\"0\">\n<div class=\"article_photo_carousel_inner\">\n<div class=\"article_carousel_img_wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"article_carousel_img\" src=\"https:\/\/sun9-77.userapi.com\/s\/v1\/if2\/TvwpnsBABH63t3YR4vBT2_ZOuMF7PoRSoo2B1oCyQL2dzFj5M1e0n_lUQr4z9svE8vWvYVgWABuZVa5_BCT5dRj1.jpg?size=807x556&#038;quality=96&#038;type=album\" alt=\"\u041a\u041f\u041f \u041c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0442\u0435\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"article_carousel_img_wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"article_carousel_img\" src=\"https:\/\/sun9-74.userapi.com\/s\/v1\/if2\/fpS85MoTRmuIQZZlw6S8ooCgoYQlcrEi8ygRBHzODEfEJTpQzD5NoGi7jFQRUpqLSbdp_-Q1y3VBbWCNekJiYGYe.jpg?size=807x605&#038;quality=96&#038;type=album\" alt=\"\u0411\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434, \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u211613\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"article_photo_carousel__controls\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption data-captions=\"[\"\u041a\u041f\u041f \u041c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0432 \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0442\u0435\"]\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"article_decoration_first\">\u041b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0435\u0451 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0430. 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\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u043e\u0447\u044c\u044e \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0442\u0430. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c-\u043c\u0430\u044f\u043a \u0441 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e \u041c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430- \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b. \u041d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044b \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0435. \u0422\u0430\u043a, \u043f\u043e \u043b\u044c\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u041e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0431\u0430\u0443\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0446\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0441\u044b\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430: \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 1943 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u041e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0431\u0430\u0443\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0446\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 2-\u0439 \u0423\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0446\u0430\u043c \u0432 \u044f\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0435 1944 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u043a \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u041e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0431\u0430\u0443\u043c \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043a\u0438. \u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0439, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0422\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0443!<\/p>\n<p class=\" article_decoration_last article_decoration_before\">12 \u044f\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f 1943 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b-\u043b\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u041b. \u0413\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0412\u043e\u043b\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u041a. \u041c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e. \u0418\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0430 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class=\"article_figure_content\">\n<div class=\"article_figure_sizer_content\">\n<div class=\"article_object_sizer_wrap\" 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decoding=\"async\" class=\"article_object_sizer_inner\" src=\"https:\/\/sun9-64.userapi.com\/s\/v1\/if2\/vfWWcSTh0kA1fXsLU7UOM8X3TWme_HURXIRvFyZUwyNbE52dRtgXi-OXJ56XnQ0mvc_XKZ9hQUXAqWrjLsboqMTA.jpg?size=807x467&#038;quality=96&#038;type=album\" alt=\"\u0412\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0439\u0446\u043e\u0432 \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0412\u043e\u043b\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0443 \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0451\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u21161 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0443 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0434\u044b \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\" data-baseurl=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"article_figure_sizer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption data-captions=\"[\"\u0412\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0439\u0446\u043e\u0432 \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0412\u043e\u043b\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0443 \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0451\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u21161 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0443 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0434\u044b \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\"]\"><\/figcaption>\u0412\u0441\u0451 \u044e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u044c\u0435 \u041b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0436\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u044c\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432.<\/figure>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0432 8 \u2013 11 \u043a\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434 \u044d\u0448\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043c 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\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434.<\/p>\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0441\u0435\u043b \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d.<\/p>\n<p class=\" article_decoration_last article_decoration_before\">\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0432 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u0442\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043b\u043e\u0442. \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e-\u0444\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u043a. \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0445\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044b. \u0424\u043b\u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u043b \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0438 \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"article_decoration_first article_decoration_last\" data-type=\"101\" data-mode=\"\" data-done=\"1\">\n<div class=\"article_figure_content\">\n<div class=\"article_figure_sizer_content\">\n<div class=\"article_object_sizer_wrap\" data-sizes=\"[{\"s\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-83.userapi.com\\\/s\\\/v1\\\/if2\\\/egl8MZ_8Yb1WAQMkMrXg8zLsYjiwJ4AClN7upPNStkY0D7tbhuMBrcYIeoEX7cqxl6sjv2gzUSESaTxhtFbkkL-s.jpg?size=75x51&#038;quality=96&#038;type=album\",75,51],\"m\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-83.userapi.com\\\/s\\\/v1\\\/if2\\\/pjbkMLxU_quHE0R4ZIV6RDrAQcQZYIdXYwkbeYZ3XjMvn7g3YKrOjcHibIspSIEswytYbNur0W06CnKb5696zsX-.jpg?size=130x88&#038;quality=96&#038;type=album\",130,88],\"x\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-83.userapi.com\\\/s\\\/v1\\\/if2\\\/uY9v0qBfbN5jtPKDqgAczgAZgUjXB77SZZlCvn030wNJQ4n99Q59yHW0ar2eEeiZHKna-GQj-bbUXriL4qsHWnCD.jpg?size=604x411&#038;quality=96&#038;type=album\",604,411],\"y\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-83.userapi.com\\\/s\\\/v1\\\/if2\\\/6o5fKFDZkg35IEQY3MYiFOPd4_CAzdao0xu0EGoaDKzer5MscJaKYQb8duEPwhDr5AlgWhkYW6gYNsEEtWQqMyOY.jpg?size=807x548&#038;quality=96&#038;type=album\",807,549],\"z\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-83.userapi.com\\\/s\\\/v1\\\/if2\\\/W5TqLy4ja3Sc_28bvZu1TefER0Dobfr2N4SMYez1AB3Gd8dzy1UwWPfd4rRRDmL84M4SyCpFYxIhJEHC2zXSUW7A.jpg?size=1024x696&#038;quality=96&#038;type=album\",1024,696]}]\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"article_object_sizer_inner\" src=\"https:\/\/sun9-83.userapi.com\/s\/v1\/if2\/6o5fKFDZkg35IEQY3MYiFOPd4_CAzdao0xu0EGoaDKzer5MscJaKYQb8duEPwhDr5AlgWhkYW6gYNsEEtWQqMyOY.jpg?size=807x548&#038;quality=96&#038;type=album\" alt=\"\u0411\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434, \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u211617\" data-baseurl=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"article_figure_sizer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption data-captions=\"[\"\"]\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"article_decoration_first\">14 \u044f\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f 1944 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041d\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f 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\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u041a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445, \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u042d\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434.<\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u041e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b, \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044f\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u0417\u0430 900 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0434\u044b \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0431\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c, 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