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\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u2013 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435 1 \u043c\u0430\u044f.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">\u0412\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0430\u0451\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0432 1917 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443: \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0424\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u044b 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\u043c\u0430\u0451\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0445, \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c 1 \u043c\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0442\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043e\u0442\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u00a0<strong class=\"\">\u00ab\u041e\u043a\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0410\u00bb<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p class=\" article_decoration_last article_decoration_before\">\u00ab\u041e\u043a\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0410\u00bb \u2013 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0432 1919 \u2013 1921 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u00ab\u041e\u043a\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0410\u00bb \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434 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\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0440\u044b, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439. \u041d\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"article_decoration_first article_decoration_last \" data-type=\"101\" data-mode=\"0\" data-done=\"1\">\n<div class=\"article_figure_content\">\n<div class=\"article_figure_sizer_content\">\n<div class=\"article_object_sizer_wrap\" 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decoding=\"async\" class=\"article_object_sizer_inner\" src=\"https:\/\/sun9-67.userapi.com\/impg\/BpbZC2xdLQs_V3kk5ptiV_l_ccbFxGIHiW-IkA\/z4fSqMJQ62Y.jpg?size=807x500&#038;quality=95&#038;sign=c0d57f155117a9f6a91aa60ba90eeae2&#038;type=album\" alt=\"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u00ab\u042d\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u00bb, \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u21163\" data-baseurl=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"article_figure_sizer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption data-captions=\"[\"\"]\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"article_decoration_first article_decoration_last article_decoration_before\">\u0412 30-\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0445 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decoding=\"async\" class=\"article_object_sizer_inner\" src=\"https:\/\/sun9-57.userapi.com\/impg\/xRMhbBUeh9miqVzzBhly6rapuSQlcn7X0j3w2Q\/oyLrgh5U0b8.jpg?size=807x503&#038;quality=95&#038;sign=9c31fee8fe079ebc6b949cee1f603427&#038;type=album\" alt=\"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u00ab\u042d\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u00bb, \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u211610\" data-baseurl=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"article_figure_sizer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption data-captions=\"[\"\"]\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"article_decoration_first article_decoration_last article_decoration_before\">\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0432 1990 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0421 1992 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c. \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043a, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 2000-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f. \u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432-\u0438\u043b\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"article_decoration_first article_decoration_before \" data-type=\"101\" data-mode=\"0\" data-done=\"1\">\n<div class=\"article_figure_content\">\n<div class=\"article_figure_sizer_content\">\n<div class=\"article_object_sizer_wrap\" data-sizes=\"[{\"s\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-39.userapi.com\\\/impg\\\/6LxFz5PwdlhAhrzqI92nD4SiPrxW6HowbYUwAQ\\\/aeDP6ct7qbE.jpg?size=75x44&#038;quality=95&#038;sign=a6092421d039f305ba16a4597c1271a0&#038;type=album\",75,44],\"m\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-39.userapi.com\\\/impg\\\/6LxFz5PwdlhAhrzqI92nD4SiPrxW6HowbYUwAQ\\\/aeDP6ct7qbE.jpg?size=130x76&#038;quality=95&#038;sign=1b8bc4b234f6ddb8eb47b5ec15a05201&#038;type=album\",130,76],\"x\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-39.userapi.com\\\/impg\\\/6LxFz5PwdlhAhrzqI92nD4SiPrxW6HowbYUwAQ\\\/aeDP6ct7qbE.jpg?size=604x354&#038;quality=95&#038;sign=cc9b8ac63d77a4aa3d342d135db8e5b9&#038;type=album\",604,354],\"y\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-39.userapi.com\\\/impg\\\/6LxFz5PwdlhAhrzqI92nD4SiPrxW6HowbYUwAQ\\\/aeDP6ct7qbE.jpg?size=807x473&#038;quality=95&#038;sign=a63429d402a5a10fd439f45e731cda90&#038;type=album\",807,473],\"z\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-39.userapi.com\\\/impg\\\/6LxFz5PwdlhAhrzqI92nD4SiPrxW6HowbYUwAQ\\\/aeDP6ct7qbE.jpg?size=1280x751&#038;quality=95&#038;sign=a0f606b8f191e1ec3fd98a1bf1328e8c&#038;type=album\",1280,751],\"w\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-39.userapi.com\\\/impg\\\/6LxFz5PwdlhAhrzqI92nD4SiPrxW6HowbYUwAQ\\\/aeDP6ct7qbE.jpg?size=1372x805&#038;quality=95&#038;sign=684cb73f76905e048fb939ba04cacec9&#038;type=album\",1372,805]}]\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"article_object_sizer_inner\" src=\"https:\/\/sun9-39.userapi.com\/impg\/6LxFz5PwdlhAhrzqI92nD4SiPrxW6HowbYUwAQ\/aeDP6ct7qbE.jpg?size=807x473&#038;quality=95&#038;sign=a63429d402a5a10fd439f45e731cda90&#038;type=album\" alt=\"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u00ab\u042d\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u00bb, \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u211611\" data-baseurl=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"article_figure_sizer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption data-captions=\"[\"\"]\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\" article_decoration_last \" data-type=\"101\" data-mode=\"0\" data-done=\"1\">\n<div class=\"article_figure_content\">\n<div class=\"article_figure_sizer_content\">\n<div class=\"article_object_sizer_wrap\" data-sizes=\"[{\"s\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-32.userapi.com\\\/impg\\\/rSIlNysZeleu8EBvGCh7KKiOkvY1Vz61ZvmcHA\\\/4yYv2jPWe7o.jpg?size=75x46&#038;quality=95&#038;sign=ca00d8bb89497d853a4da2c0462119f4&#038;type=album\",75,46],\"m\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-32.userapi.com\\\/impg\\\/rSIlNysZeleu8EBvGCh7KKiOkvY1Vz61ZvmcHA\\\/4yYv2jPWe7o.jpg?size=130x79&#038;quality=95&#038;sign=64b66a059a8fb587da716d0e7d8ce437&#038;type=album\",130,79],\"x\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-32.userapi.com\\\/impg\\\/rSIlNysZeleu8EBvGCh7KKiOkvY1Vz61ZvmcHA\\\/4yYv2jPWe7o.jpg?size=604x369&#038;quality=95&#038;sign=3c9575c340264d2e8b0d566708e9e99b&#038;type=album\",604,369],\"y\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-32.userapi.com\\\/impg\\\/rSIlNysZeleu8EBvGCh7KKiOkvY1Vz61ZvmcHA\\\/4yYv2jPWe7o.jpg?size=807x493&#038;quality=95&#038;sign=4206f043010b6452bacaba2a72377f29&#038;type=album\",807,493],\"z\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-32.userapi.com\\\/impg\\\/rSIlNysZeleu8EBvGCh7KKiOkvY1Vz61ZvmcHA\\\/4yYv2jPWe7o.jpg?size=1280x782&#038;quality=95&#038;sign=9bfb4465a4de2cb5bd0424407c1e11a4&#038;type=album\",1280,782],\"w\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sun9-32.userapi.com\\\/impg\\\/rSIlNysZeleu8EBvGCh7KKiOkvY1Vz61ZvmcHA\\\/4yYv2jPWe7o.jpg?size=1564x955&#038;quality=95&#038;sign=fe586dc8e37e8335d1c00b2b85a65dd8&#038;type=album\",1564,955]}]\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"article_object_sizer_inner\" src=\"https:\/\/sun9-32.userapi.com\/impg\/rSIlNysZeleu8EBvGCh7KKiOkvY1Vz61ZvmcHA\/4yYv2jPWe7o.jpg?size=807x493&#038;quality=95&#038;sign=4206f043010b6452bacaba2a72377f29&#038;type=album\" alt=\"\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u00ab\u042d\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u00bb, \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u211612\" data-baseurl=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"article_figure_sizer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption data-captions=\"[\"\"]\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"article_decoration_first\">\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e 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\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n<p><cite class=\"article_decoration_first article_decoration_last\">\u0418 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0451\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043b \u043a \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044f\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0451 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e, \u0443\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438\u043c, \u0434\u043b\u044f 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